The Sino-US trade war has generated profound negative impacts on China's economic growth and employment expansion, which, in turn, hinders the pace of global economic recovery. Since China's reform and implementation of "opening up policy", trade frictions has been a normal phenomenon we have to face with. Under the current situation of Sino-US trade war, China's economic and employment structures, which are in a critical period of transformation and economic upgrading, face with a number of challenges. This can be seen from the following aspects, such as its increasing economic downward pressure, unpromising sectors directly affected by the trade war and gloomy employment situation, and the increase in frictional unemployment resulted from economic restructuring, etc. To improve the current situation, a great variety of measures have to be adopted such as accelerating the transformation of trade development mode, implementing an active import trade policy, rationally increasing foreign investment, and making full use of the rules of international trade. In addition, attention has to be paid to attaching great importance to the education and training of labor force and strengthening workers’ employment adaptability.