Since the reform and opening-up, the participation system of non-public enterprises employees has been constantly improved through continuous system construction. However, the frequent occurrence of labor conflicts in non-public enterprises shows that the quality of employees' participation, on the basis of institutionalization, democratization, and pluralism, is in urgent need of reform. The experience of Guangdong reform on the trade union indicates that the key to making breakthroughs in the new era is to strengthen employees' participation through innovating its execution mechanism. Thus, three basic paths to improving the quality of employees' participation in non-public enterprises and resolving labor conflicts are to give full play to the role of trade unions' subjectivity by constructing grassroots trade unions, to foster the consciousness and ability of the employee participation, and to develop deliberative democracy through collective consultation.