The object of study of the labor economy history of New China is the history of its emergence, evolution and development of the socialist labor economy under the leadership of the Communist Party of China since the founding of New China in 1949. To study the current history of the labor economy in New China, we should conduct a comprehensive and systematic study from the perspective of building a well-off society in an all-round way, from the perspective of overall urban-rural development, and from the perspectives of industrialization, marketization, and modernization. This study, therefore, holds that the development of the labor economy in New China can be divided into six stages, i.e., 1) the stage of labor economy of the two socio-economic transformations from 1949 to 1956, with the theme of "establishing in transition"; 2) the stage of labor economy under the planned economy system from 1957 to 1978, with the theme of "exploration in twists and turns"; 3) the stage of labor economy at the beginning of the transition to a market economy from 1979 to 1991, with the theme of "reform in friction"; 4) the stage of labor economy from 1992 to 2001 in which the market economy system has been established with the theme of “directed transition” ; 5) the stage of labor economy from 2002 to 2012 in which the market economy system has been perfected with the theme of " perfect in overall planning "; and 6) the new stage since 2013, which has not yet come to an end, and its theme should be "developing while sharing".