人工智能对就业的影响 :数量、结构与质量 ——基于北京市 97 家企业调查数据
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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment ——A Study Based on a Questionnaire Survey of 97 Enterprises in Beijing
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    摘要:

    近年来人工智能的技术突破引起了社会各界的广泛关注,同时对就业数量、就业结构和就业质量也产生了影响。通过对北京市97家企业的调查分析,研究得出以下结论:目前人工智能对就业的创造效应大于破坏效应,并且创造效应在应用型企业中体现得更为明显;人工智能使就业岗位、技能、人力资本结构得到优化调整,但对就业年龄结构的影响较小;人工智能在提高整体劳动报酬的同时也会造成工资两极分化的倾向,并因此提出了技能导向的技术培训新要求;目前人工智能正处于导入期,对就业数量、结构以及技能的影响初步显现,但影响还较小。

    Abstract:

    The rapid developments of artificial intelligence(Al) technology have aroused widespread coneems from all walks of life, and also haveimpacts on employment in aspects of its quantity, structure and quality as well. Based on a questionaire survey of 97 enterprises in Beijing, thisstudy concluded that firstly, the creative effect of AI on employment is greater than its destruction effect, and its ereative effect is more obvious inuse across enterprises. Secondly, AI has optimized and adjusted jobs, employment skill structure, and the structure of human capital, but has minorimpacts on the age structure of employment. Thirdlly.AI increases the overall labor remuneration, but also polarizes employees' wages, and thereforeputs forward new requirements for skill-oriented technical training, Last but not least, the current Al is still in its introductory period, and its impacton the number, structure and skills of employment has initially appeared, but is still small overall.

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董晓雨,邱 玥,何 勤.人工智能对就业的影响 :数量、结构与质量 ——基于北京市 97 家企业调查数据[J].中国劳动关系学院,2020,34(5):109-116.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-05-09
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