The theoretical system constructed by Das Kapital is scientific and open, and its basic principles revealed and key conclusions putforward are not out of the date. The construction of Marxist political eeonomies in modern China is based on Das Kapital and the premise offollowing objeetive economic laws. The practice since the founding of New China, especially in the era of reform and opening-up policy, hasprovided substantial material for our country to explore contemporary socicety, especially the laws of contemporary socialist economie development,and has nurtured its basic theoretical nutrients. The era changes based on the rapid development of material productivity have expanded the researchobjects and fields of Marxist political eeonomies, enriched its coneeption and research content, upgraded its research approaches and promoted itsdevelopment. The political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics with Xi Jinping Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristicsfor a New Era as the core has greatly expanded the understanding of the laws of socialist construction and re-emphasized the main theme andresearch gist elaborated in Das Kapital under the new historical conditions.