In the context of the colleetive transformation of labor relations in our country, the difference between collective negotiation andcolleetive bargaining, the seope of application of collective negotiation in non-public enterprises, and the roles and functions of trade unionorganizations are deep-level issues to be considered urgently for the promotion of collective negotiation in non-public enterprises. At present, themain dilemma of the collective negotiation in non-public enterprises in our country is that collective negotiation has not yet become a mandatorylegal obligation for both employers and employees of non-public enterprises and the core work of the trade unions of non-public enterprises. Thechairmen of the trade unions of non-public enterprises do not play the key role in collective negotiation, as well as the roles of various entities inthe collective negotiation of non-public enterprises need to be urgently clarified. To further improve the collective negotiation system of non-publicenterprises in our country, we should, at the conceptual level, corectly understand the substantive connotation and its important role; at the tradeunions level, the key role of non-public enterprise trade unions and the leadership role of the federations at all levels must be effectively brought intoplay; and at the legislative level, relevant laws and regulations can be formulated and revised while conditions are ripe.