Fertility policy has affected not only the female fertility rate and labor market participation rate, but in tum, the economy and socicty aswell. This study, employing 2016 data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS),analyzed the impact of different child ages on femalelabor market participation. The results of the study indicated that preschool children have a eertain obstruetive effect on women's lahor marketparticipation, which will gradually disappear once they enter the formal school age. Morcover, children aged 0-3 have a significant negative effect onwomen's labor market participation, and the negative impact on rural women is greater than that on urban women. To further promote the fulfilmentof fertility policy adjustment goal, therefore, it is necessary to improve female fertility support action strategy in our country. Whilst promoting theconstruction of the 0-3 year old childeare support system, more attention should be paid to the simultaneous devclopment of the urban and ruralsocial nursery service system.