To promote the construction of harmonious labor relations with Chinese characteristics in the new era, it is necessary to uphold the concept of 'employment first' and at the same time assume the mission of 'health first' governance, and effectively prevent and resolve health contradictions in labor relations. This has its logical inevitability in practice. The aging trend of our country's current population structure has been integrated with the economy and health in the process of accelerating modernization. The typical demographic characteristics such as getting old before getting rich, failing to live well, and declining before getting old, require 'health first’ to be embedded in the construction of labor relations, whilst the various economic and social burdens caused by multiple diseases, the increasing health needs, and the unbalanced and inadequate health service contradictions provide a direct basis and realistic orientation for health first' to break through the health dilemma and help usher in a new era of harmony with Chinese characteristics. The study believes that in order to build a health first' harmonious labor relations with Chinese characteristics, the strategic design of ‘health first’ should be adopted to reduce the increasing burden of diseases, the value orientation of 'health first' should be used to respond to the growing health needs, and the guiding principles of 'health first' should be carried out to lead the supply-side reform of health services.