Common prosperity is the essence of socialism, the unremitting goal of the Communist Party of China for a century, as well as the ideal dream of the Chinese people since ancient times. The study concludes that labor education, as an important component of the socialist educational system with Chinese characteristics, has strategic significance in cultivating socialist builders and successors, and has unique value in promoting the realization of common prosperity. This is mainly manifested in promoting comprehensive human development, promoting high-quality economic and social development, building a consensus for development, and laying a high-quality talent base, a rich material foundation, and a strong ideological foundation for achieving common prosperity. The research suggests that, in the new historical period of solidly advancing common prosperity, labor education needs to be further strengthened in aspects of ideological awareness, educational content, and the realization of goals. Key words: labor education; common prosperity; educational system; educational thought