The developmental interests of workers are relative to the survival interests, covering interests of higher wages, better labor protection, more training opportunities, reasonable working hours, and decent work, etc. Based on the analysis of developmental interests and related concepts, this study analyzes the existential and developmental connotations of labor rights, and proposes the legislative principle and scenario for constructing the protection of developmental interests of workers. The study argues that the developmental interests is the legitimate requirement for workers to realize their own rights and interests and comprehensive development. To actively realize the developmental interests of workers, the role of labor law in guaranteeing labor rights should be fully exploited, and the survival-oriented labor rights and the development-oriented labor rights should also be distinguished. The study suggests that the principles of labor legislation should be restructured in the following four aspects, i.e. from capital advantage to labor advantage, from entitlement to legal entitlement, from fragmentation to integral entitlement, and from promoting employment to promoting development, so as to better reflect the legislative intention of socialist labor law.