Of the Belt and Road Initiative countries, African countries have an indispensable role to play. The development of trade unions in African countries can be divided into three phases, namely, the colonial period, the early post-independence period, and the period of political democratization and transformation. The Trade union development in Africa is inextricably linked to its political struggle, which also determines the "radical" character of trade unionism in its social movements. The prevailing weakness of trade unions in Africa is, on the one hand, due to the sharp decline in the number of unemployed and trade union members in the formal economy as a result of economic liberalization and, on the other, many African governments have amended their labor laws, which have recognized the legal status of trade unions whilst severely restricting their movement. Although African trade unions have a limited role in labor employment regulation, when serious violations of workers' rights occur, they continue to resist by organizing workers' strikes, sit-ins, etc. For Chinese enterprises which have invested in Africa, the study suggested that more attention be paid to the operation of trade unions in the host country, fully respecting the rights of employees, strengthening communication with trade unions, and enhancing employees' sense of belonging.