The diversity and complexity of the new platform employment model determines the necessity of constructing a systematic protection system for the labor rights and interests of workers. From the perspective of system theory, the new platform employment model challenges the traditional labor rights and interests protection system constructed based on the labor relationship in China, which is manifested as the overall system of labor weakened and disintegrated by labor attributes, its system hierarchy cleared by the multilayer nested employment, and its open system infl uenced by the blocked interactive channels between internal and external environments. This research insists that, based on relevant principles of system theory, the basic logic of protecting labor rights and interests of platform workers in China should follow three paths: strengthening the overall system to promote the optimization and reorganization of all elements of labor attributes, expanding the hierarchical system to construct a hierarchical and classifi ed protection system for labor relationships, and improving the open system's internal and external environments to build a multi-domain collaborative governance system involving the government, platform, trade unions, and platform workers, Therefore, platform workers should be included in the system protection to promote the dynamic balance of China's labor rights and interests protection system to a higher level. Key words: platform employment; system theory; labor attributes; rights and interests protection