In the context of the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, the importance of protecting the rights and interests of expatriate workers of the overseas contracting projects is becoming increasingly prominent. Current employment modes for overseas contracting projects expatriate workers in China mainly include dispatch of our own employees, dispatch of labor cooperation, and that of project subcontracting. Through the analysis of judicial cases, it is found that the rights and interests of expatriate workers are damaged due to the presence of illegal intermediaries, illegal subcontracting, limited access to legal remedies, and unclear responsibility determination in the stages of recruitment, employment and rights protection, and liability. To address these challenges, China should enforce legal liability for illegal recruitment, strengthen supervision on illegal subcontracting, further clarify the relief paths for expatriate workers' rights, and defi ne employer responsibilities.