The human resources of young people with higher education are scarce resources. Optimizing the allocation of human resources for college graduates can improve the overall effi ciency of human resource allocation, which in turn contributes to the dual improvement of development quality and effi ciency. Using panel data published by institutions, such as the National Bureau of Statistics and the China Population Statistics Yearbook, this study employs the Aoki Model to calculate the human capital mismatch value in each province from 2006 to 2022. The study fi nds that there are varying degrees of ineffi cient human resources allocation in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, whilst the human capital mismatch situation also varies accordingly. To address the imbalance between regional supply and demand of human resources and improve the effi ciency of human capital allocation, it is suggested in the study that measures such as adjusting the industrial structure, expanding employment opportunities in the central and western regions, and increasing policy guidance and incentives should be adopted to encourage more college graduates to work in the central and western regions and at the grassroots level.