The new technological revolution led by artifi cial intelligence (AI) and other technologies have widely affected the productive forces and production relations of society. This requires a profound understanding of the development laws of AI and the establishment of labor relations that are compatible with technological changes and productive forces. Based on the theory of the three factors of production (labor, labor materials, and labor objects), this study examines the changes in the productive forces in the era of AI, analyzes the new changes in relationships between labor and machines, labor and labor, labor and capital, and government and society, as well as the duality of these innovations, and fi nally proposes governance recommendations. The study claims that in order to build harmonious labor relations in the era of AI, it is necessary to consider both development and security, promote the establishment of harmonious and mutually benefi cial human-machine relationships; establish harmonious and friendly labor-capital relations based on tool rationality and value rationality; improve the organizational protection network based on the goal of promoting employment fl exibility and stability; optimize government regulatory methods based on the principle of balancing capital and labor interests, and promote the establishment of more harmonious and inclusive labor relations that adapt themselves to the trend of new technological revolution.