The rapid development of the digital economy has promoted the transformation of economic development and had a significant impact on labor force employment. This study, based on a quasi-experiment of the "Broadband China" strategy, and the 2012-2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data and urban data, employs the difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of the digital economy on the incomes of the floating population. The research findings show that the digital economy can significantly increase the income level of the floating population; the income promotion effect of the digital economy is primarily achieved through improving labor productivity, increasing employment probability, and promoting entrepreneurial activities, and it is more pronounced in the eastern regions, in particular with professions closely related to the digital economy, business service positions with high digital economy penetration rates, and among more skilled and younger floating population. It is suggested in this study that digital economy development be strengthened to stimulate its income promotion effect; the digital economy structure be optimized to accelerate the transition from the consumption side to the production side; and the infrastructure and public service equalization be advanced to bridge the digital divide among workers.