High-quality and Full Employment ( HFE ) for the female population is the foundation for further liberating women and achieving gender equality, and the intrinsic requirements as well for promoting high-quality economic development. It is also a necessary choice for promoting high-quality population development, and a key measure for building China's modernization with Chinese characteristics. Starting from identifying the concept of " HFE", and using data analysis, theoretical analysis, and policy analysis based on the Nationwide Population Census data, this study discusses the practical significance and theoretical value of promoting HFE for the female population, analyzes the opportunities and bottlenecks of women's employment, and reflects on its optimization path. The study found that currently, although the size and structure of women's employment tend to stabilize gradually, the sufficiency and high quality of employment are still faced with significant challenges. Promoting HFE for the labor force of the working age women, thus, requires the joint efforts of the government, the market, enterprises, society, family, and individuals, to expand its capacity, optimize its structure, and improve its quality. It is necessary to seize the dividends of the digital economy, and create more high-quality jobs. Moreover, it is also necessary to improve the lifelong skill training mechanism and the public service system for employment, and optimize the public service system for employment. Only in this way can we effectively manage gender discrimination in the labor market, create a better environment for HFE for the female population, and improve their contribution to high-quality development.