Abstract:The initiation of labor public interest litigation by trade unions is an important way to fully protect labor public interests and invigorate the trade union organizations. Currently, China has begun preliminary exploration of trade unions' participation in labor public interest litigation.However, under the current legal framework, trade unions only play an auxiliary role in labor prosecution public interest litigation and cannot independently initiate such lawsuits, limiting their ability to effectively represent workers as a collective. The study establishes the theoretical basis, labor public interest representativeness, and litigation capacity of initiating labor public interest litigation by trade unions in China. By examining the practices of trade unions participating in labor public interest litigation in the EU, Anglo-American countries, and BRICS countries, the study suggests a construction scheme for the system that allows Chinese trade unions to initiate labor public interest litigation. It argues for clearly defining the qualifications of trade unions as plaintiffs, the scope of cases, procedural mechanisms, and support systems to promote the organic integration of labor public interest litigation with trade unions system, enhancing the unions' functions in safeguarding workers' rights, building harmonious labor relations, and maintaining orderly operations in the labor market.