As employment constitutes the fundamental basis of people's livelihood, promoting high-quality and full employment has emerged as a pivotal objective in the new era. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's employment situation remains fundamentally stable, with continuous improvement in employment policies, showcasing signifi cant advantages compared to major countries worldwide. However, there are notable disparities in labor force participation rates, unemployment rates, and employment structures across different regions in China. Compared with developed countries, China faces challenges such as a relatively high youth unemployment rate and the need for further optimization of the employment structure. To achieve high-quality and full employment, it is necessary to address challenges including employment pressure due to large labor supply volumes, structural employment mismatches, economic slowdown and insuffi cient aggregate demand, demographic structural changes, technological advancements, employment discrimination, and employment security issues. Moreover, measures such as expanding aggregate demand, strengthening vocational skills training, promoting demographic optimization and balanced regional development, advancing employment fairness, and enhancing the construction of employment support and social security systems are required to expand China's employment capacity and alleviate structural employment confl icts.