With the development of the platform economy, new forms of employment, characterized by "platform reliance, technological drive, and fl exible forms", challenge the standard labor relations in traditional labor law, which take "subordination" as the core element. Their occupational forms have also extended from traditional service positions to diverse types such as knowledge-based, creative positions, and self-employment. Against this backdrop, the legal boundary between labor relations and civil service relations has gradually blurred, with disputes over the identifi cation of labor relations of online delivery riders being particularly prominent, becoming a research focus in both theoretical and practical circles. The labor employment model in the platform economy is characterized by diversifi cation and fragmentation. Due to the regulatory gaps in the current labor law system, there is no legal basis for confi rming labor relations. In addition, the facts and evidence of different cases are complex, leading to diverse identifi cation standards and judicial tendencies in China's judicial decisions. Some courts have even broken through the "labor subordination" criteria, incorporating factors such as the economic dependence of practitioners and the social responsibility of platform enterprises into considerations. To effectively solve the judicial dilemma of "different judgments for similar cases", it is urgent to construct precise judicial standards and index systems that fi t the characteristics of new business forms. Guided by the principles of "unifying legal application, achieving judicial justice, and implementing similar case similar judgments", this paper selects 360 judicial cases as empirical analysis samples, and discusses them from two dimensions: similar case identifi cation and similar case similar judgment, in order to put forward reasonable suggestions for the improvement of laws, regulations, and judicial interpretations, and construct a scientifi c and sustainable identifi cation norm system and rights protection mechanism for online delivery personnel.